Full Project – CHALLENGES OF INDISCIPLINE ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN IKORODU LGA, LAGOS
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the study
It is common for people to say that pupils are the pride and wealth of any country. Because of these reasons, the future of any country is very much dependent on the young people who make up the human and potential resources that are needed to keep the society going. In order for any country to grow in a long-term way, the younger population must not only be kept alive but also be taught how to behave. Over the last decade, Nigerian teachers have become more concerned about their students’ indiscipline and disrespect for school rules. This has led to a rise in their concerns. This lack of discipline has been a problem for a long time for teachers, policymakers, public opinion, and the general public.
Research consistently shows that school misbehavior cuts down on teaching time because more time is spent on dealing with students’ misbehaviors than on teaching. Peer aggression, teacher violence, and vandalism have led to a rise in school indiscipline. This is because students are unable and unwilling to do their work and homework, they don’t take orders, they bully other students, and they drink and take drugs. Tunor (2011) and Idu and Ojedapo (2011).
As a teacher, you have to teach, socialize, empower, and even certify your students. This can only happen if you have a good teaching environment, which is difficult and unpleasant to deal with at times (Fafunwa, 2009; Farrant, 2004).
Indiscipline is a complex phenomenon, both in terms of what it means and how it works in the social, psychological, and pedagogical worlds. Irregularity is a big problem for people all over the world. It has made people weak, so they can’t do anything. Christians believe that Adam and Eve were kicked out of the Garden of Eden because they didn’t obey God. The sin of disobedience is actually a case of ignoring rules and regulations set by the person in charge, which is God. He told them not to do something, but they did anyway and had to pay for it.
In Gaustard’s (2005) book, there are two main reasons for school indiscipline. The first is to make sure that staff and students are safe, and the second is to make the school a good place to learn. Stupid and violent behavior by students makes it hard for teachers to reach their goal of teaching.
It could be hard to get rid of a monster that grows out of indiscipline if education providers and students let it grow under the current favorable conditions. Tunor (2011) and Idu and Ojedapo (2011). In the country’s economy, a few examples of the problems that were predicted are being faced. As a result of robbery, assassination and kidnapping, as well as corruption and robbery, many believe that school indiscipline comes from the current economic problems. It’s not just people who make or interpret the law who don’t follow court injunctions and orders. People who swear to protect the laws of the land also don’t follow them. Disobedience started in the school and spread to other parts of our country, most likely.
School indiscipline is a big problem for young people in the world, especially for people who go to post-primary schools. Indiscipline when it comes to achieving educational goals has been getting a lot of attention. According to Edem (1982), indiscipline, which is the breaking of school rules and regulations, can cause problems with the smooth and orderly running of the school system. To avoid this, students should be well-informed and given positive punishments if they break the rules.
Indiscipline is how well students follow and respect school rules and regulations, which in turn affects their grades. When a student keeps skipping or not going to class, it is almost certain that he will not do well in school. The same is true for truancy, abstinence, and being late, to name a few.
It is the goal of this study to find out how indiscipline affects the academic performance of high schools in Lagos State.
The problem of indiscipline affects all schools, regardless of gender or type of school. The level and magnitude of the problem varies from school to school, but it affects all schools. Cases of violence, even though they happen a lot, happen more often outside of school than inside. Because there are no administrative or legal rules to follow when it comes to dealing with indiscipline, the measures taken to deal with it aren’t enough. Actions are often done in a way that isn’t coordinated between and among schools of the same type, both inside and outside of each school. Teachers most often feel powerless to deal with cases of indiscipline because they don’t have support from the right people, politics get in the way, and the school administration isn’t in charge.
As part of this study, we’re going to look at the terms discipline and indifference and how they affect academic performance. Discipline could be seen as training that helps people learn how to be more organized and self-control as well as how to be more self-directed. Egwunyenga is the name of a place (2000). So, discipline tells us what an individual or group of people can and can’t do. It is the act of restraint, which may be done by yourself. Adeshina (1980) said that in our schools, this is a situation where students are taught to respect the school authority, follow the school rules, and behave in a certain way. Having respect for yourself and other people.
Boakye (2006) defines discipline as the obedience of rules and orders and a manifestation of an outward mark of respect in accordance with standing agreements. School discipline is an essential element in school administration. This is because discipline is a mode of life in accordance with laid down rules of the society to which all members must conform and the violation of which are questionable . Indiscipline is seen as a process of training and learning that fosters growth and development. Imaguezor (1997). The aim of discipline is therefore to help the individual to be well adjusted, happy and useful in school and also in the society. The doctrine of school discipline according to Nolte (1980) and Barrell (1978) is based on the concept of “loco parentis” which allows school authority full responsibility for children’s upbringing, the right of discipline and control. In other words, teachers have the right to punish students who contravene school rules/laws. This discipline refers to a systematic instruction given to a student. To discipline means to instruct a person to follow a particular code of conduct. According to Adesina (1990), discipline is the readiness or ability to respect authority and observe conventional or established laws of the society or of any other organization. Discipline implies self-control, restraint, and respect for oneself and others. In a nutshell, school discipline refers to regulation of children and maintenance of school rules or order. These rules may for example define the expected standards of clothing (school uniform), timekeeping, social behavior among classmates and general school ethics. Discipline therefore calls for sacrifice, perseverance, and tolerance in our schools in order to achieve academic excellence.
Indiscipline, on the other hand, is misbehaviour in any or all of the following areas: respect for school authority, obedience of rules, laws and regulation and maintenance of established standards of behaviour.
Adesina (1990), also argues that discipline is coined from a Latin word “Discipulus” meaning to learn. It therefore calls for the submission of one’s impulses and powers to a regulation, which prevents chaos and brings efficiency without which there would otherwise be ineffectiveness and waste.
Indiscipline, on the other hand, is a breach of social order, good moral, behaviour, self-accepted and self-maintained social values of life.
Furthermore, indiscipline can be said to be problem facing the effectiveness of work in the public and private High Schools today. This has led to nepotism, hooliganism, absenteeism, truancy, unwanted destruction of properties, cheating and examination mal-practice in the society.
Indiscipline can be said to be the absence of discipline. Therefore, anywhere indiscipline reigns, discipline is absent. The stability and continued existence of that society is in question because where discipline is not instilled, life and property become insecure and the continued existence of that society become precarious.
Edem (1982), states that indiscipline as a violation of school rules and regulations is capable of obstructing the smooth and orderly functioning of schools system and should be consequently avoided through perfect orientation of students and imposition of positive sanction incase of obvious violation of the order.
Dittiniya (1996), states that indiscipline could be regarded as any act that does not conform to societal values and norms. Indiscipline could take up many forms and shapes depending on how it is being carried out in its assorted forms. Indiscipline is also a distinctive and undeserving element to progress, training and mode of life in accordance with rules. Consequently, lack of discipline relates to misbehavior in any form. Indiscipline in this situation is any act that is inconsistent with the set down rules and regulations governing a learning situation.
It is important to state that indiscipline in our High Schools is one of the major Challenges facing our society today. Indiscipline according to (Timothy, 2008: 110) is the direct opposite of discipline i.e. lack of discipline. He further quoted Dittinuiya (1995) who defined it as any act that does not conform to the societal value and norms.
However, indiscipline is as old creation itself. That was what accounted for the ejection of the first male and female (Adam and Eve) from the garden of Eden, out of disobedience and extreme curiosity to be like their creator, they tasted the forbidden fruit and faced the consequences. Furthermore, for some time now, indiscipline in our school has attracted the attention of the media and the general public. Schools which are fundamentally expected to assist in building up people for good of the society are now regarded as by some as the breeding ground for indiscipline.
On the whole, these authors agree on one common thing about discipline and indiscipline. That is, whereas discipline means obedience to authority, respect for self and others, indiscipline means the opposite (i.e. disobedience to authority, lack of respect for self and others). This common view is undisputable because it underscores the fact that discipline is an indispensable aspect of school effectiveness. In this study indiscipline is conceptualized as behaviour from a student that breaches rules and regulations and undermines school effectiveness. Academic Performance is what you have shown you can do in a certain subject(s). Ability is what you can do given an ideal circumstance. You can think of it as being internal until you show what you can do with your performance. Performance is external and what people can see. For instance, someone freaks out when they have to take a test and is uncoordinated; this will or may lead to poor performance in that test. If that same person takes that same test without being nervous, he would have performed better.
There is much indiscipline in schools. There is also various school offence or indiscipline today and the major ones are listed below. E.g. assault and insult, drug abuse, charms, truancy, fighting, mass demonstration, dishonesty, wickedness, drug trafficking, keeping firearms, sexual harassment, rape, Robbery, in-decency etc.
- Assault and insult: Student or youth speak rudely to their teachers and also fight with members of staff as well as members of non-teaching staff and beat up their younger ones.
- Drug abuse: This is the habit of taking in destructive substances. They arch the habit of keeping and using drug for regular diseases, which are not prescribed by qualified doctors. They also indulge in drinking and smoking.
- Charms: worse still act or things are supposed to have magic power to help or harm people. A lot of students use charms to pass their examination as to win the favour of the teacher and also to cause harm to fellow students and teacher who are against them.
- Truancy: This is the act of habit staying away from school without permission. Most of the students leave their home every morning but do not get to school.
- Fighting: Indiscipline arises from fighting. It brings about physical defeat of students in High School.
- Mass demonstration: They engaged in demonstration or strikes over the quality of food, poor staffing.
- Dishonesty: Lying cheating and stealing are dishonest acts of Behaviour. Some of them are guilty of fighting and cheating at examination.
- Wickedness: They oppress the junior students and carryout the destructive of the school property. They engage in strikes and mass demonstration.
Statement of the Problem
There has been continued decline in the academic performance of students in our High Schools and these are triggered by the escalation in the number of students who fail or perform woefully in continuous assessment test and promotional examination. This Challenges also surface in external examinations. That is the performance of students who write the Junior Secondary Certificate examinations (JSCE) and the Senior Secondary Examinations (SSCE), most of the students do not pass the mathematics and English language which is a compulsory prerequisite to be able to gain admission into any higher Institution.
Due to these Challenges, most of the students have had to repeat a class and as in the case of the external examinations, they have to seat at home to wait for another year in order to re-sit for another examination. It is also a concern because the external examinations fees have to be paid again before such the student can be allowed to sit for the exams. Many parents would actually search for jobs for their wards but in our society where even the graduates are still unemployed, what would become of their fate. When nothing seems to be coming forth in terms of employment, these children will have no other choice but to remain at home hoping that and believing that they might be called up for a job some day. Remember the adage that says an “An idle hand is the devils workshop”. It’s always during the time of waiting that they join bad gangs, engage in the abuse of drugs, drinking alcohol, partying, night crawling, even some others are used by evil politicians to realize their ambition of rigging and ballot box snatching by giving them cash in exchange for arms and ammunition to the detriment of their soul, thereby jeopardizing their future. Some others join armed robbery gangs, engage in prostitution and if they caught in the any of this dastardly act. They would be arrested and charged to court. If they convicted and found guilty, they risk the chance of going to jail.
This issue has become a source of concern even to school administrators, parents, guardians, teachers, principals, district board of education, ministry of education, students themselves, stakeholders and the society in general. Therefore, this study sets to investigate the Challenges of indiscipline on the academic performance of High School students in Ikorodu Local Government Area of Lagos State. There is no doubt that teachers, parents, guardians, peer groups and the society itself have both individual and collective roles.
Purpose of the study
- To determine the influence of truancy on students’ academic performance.
- To ascertain the influence of cheating on students’ academic performance.
- To determine the influence of alcohol and substance abuse on academic performance.
- To ascertain the influence of sexual related Challenges on academic performance.
Research Questions
- Will truancy have influence academic performance of High School students in Ikorodu Local Government area of Lagos state?
- Will cheating in examination have influence students’ academic performance in Ikorodu Local Government area of Lagos state?
- Will Alcohol and substance abuse have influence students’ academic performance in Ikorodu Local Government area of Lagos state?
- Will sexual related Challenges have influence on academic performance of students in Ikorodu Local Government area of Lagos state?
- Will gender difference have influence academic performance of students in Ikorodu Local Government area of Lagos state?
Research Hypotheses
- Truancy will not have significant influence on academic performance of High School students in Ikorodu Local Government area of Lagos state.
- Cheating in examinations will not have significant influence on academic performance of students in Ikorodu Local Government area of Lagos state.
- Alcohol and substance abuse will not have significant influence on academic performance of High School students in Ikorodu Local Government area of Lagos state.
- Sexual related Challenges will not have significant influence on academic performance of High School students in Ikorodu Local Government area of Lagos state.
- Gender difference will not have significant influence on students’ academic performance in Ikorodu Local Government area of Lagos state.
Significance of the Study
The finding of this study will equally be relevant to government through the ministry of education, policy makers, education reformers and school administrators in providing a lasting solution to the social menace. This study will be useful to educational administrators and teachers as well as parents as it will suggest other strategies that can be used to reduce indiscipline among pupils in schools. This study will also contribute to the existing body of knowledge and literature on ways of reducing indiscipline in schools.
Delimitation of the Study
This study is delimited to public High Schools in Ikorodu Local Government Area of Lagos State. Also Principals and teachers in Ikorodu Local Government area of Lagos state.
Limitation of the Study
One of the limitations was time factor; another was transportation and attitude of respondent which created problem to the researcher.
Operational Definition of Terms
Truancy: This is the act of habit staying away from school without permission. Most of the students leave their home every morning but do not get to school.
Discipline: refers to training, especially of the mind and character, to produce self-control habits of obedience, the results of which sets rules f r conduct and methods by which training may be given:
Indiscipline: refers to misbehaviour or deviance or any form of behaviour that displays disobedience to authority and failure to follow set rules of conduct.
Academic performance: is defined as the achievement of performance in the teacher made terminal examination for the senior High School students. Achievements in Mathematics were chosen because in practice, mathematics is among the subject in the comprehensive/core curriculum which must be taken by students at all level (National Policy on Education 2004).
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