Home
Full Project – DETERMINATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN SOIL SAMPLES AROUND SELECTED ABUAD POWER GENERATORS

Full Project – DETERMINATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN SOIL SAMPLES AROUND SELECTED ABUAD POWER GENERATORS

MBA MSc BSc Thesis/Dissertation Project Topics No Comments

Full Project – Full Project – DETERMINATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN SOIL SAMPLES AROUND SELECTED ABUAD POWER GENERATORS

Click here to Get this Complete Project Chapter 1-5

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1         Background of Study

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons refers to a large class of organic compounds which contains two or more fused aromatic rings made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms. PAHs have the following general characteristics common to them; high melting and boiling points, low vapour pressure and very low water solubility which tends to decrease with increasing molecular mass (Ahland and Mertens, 1980). Most of the PAHs with low vapour pressure in the air are adsorbed on particles. When dissolved in water or adsorbed on particulate matter, PAHs can undergo photodecomposition when exposed to ultraviolet light from solar radiation. In the atmosphere, PAHs can react with pollutants such as ozone, nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide, yielding diones, nitro-and dinitro-PAHs, and sulfonic acids, respectively. PAHs may also be degraded by some microorganisms in the soil (WHO, 1987; USDHHS, 1994).

PAHs are important priority organic pollutants. They may be released during incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of organic matter. This is a major source of human exposure. PAHs emanate primarily as combustion products from vehicle and generator emissions, coal and oil burning plants. They are conveyed by rainfall into the aquatic environment after being absorbed onto smoke particles settling in all kinds of surfaces. (Brookes and Lawley, 1964).

Toxicological studies have shown that some of these PAHs have the potential for tetratogenesis or carcinogenesis in human beings. As a result of their highly hazardous nature, they are monitored in waste waters, soils and atmosphere. Sensitive detection and accurate reproducible quantification of organics is very important in minimizing the health risks of PAHs. (Larsson, 1982).

PAHs are formed mainly as a result of pyrolytic processes, especially the incomplete combustion of organic materials during industrial and other human activities, such as processing of coal and crude oil, combustion of natural gas, including for heating, combustion of refuse, vehicle traffic, cooking and tobacco smoking, as well as in natural processes such as carbonization. There are several hundred PAHs; the best known is benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). In addition a number of heterocyclic aromatic compounds (e.g. carbazole and acridine), as well as nitro-PAHs, can be generated by incomplete combustion (WHO, 1987).

The emissions of BaP into the air from several sources in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1981 were estimated to amount to 18 tonnes: about 30% was caused by coke production, 56% by heating with coal, 13% by motor vehicles and less than 0.5% by the combustion of heating oil and coal-fired power generation. Other BaP sources were not taken into consideration (WHO, 1987). However, the present contributions from the different important sources, such as residential heating (coal, wood, oil), vehicle exhausts, industrial power generation, incinerators, the production of coal tar, coke and asphalt, and petroleum catalytic cracking, are very difficult to estimate. These figures may also vary considerably from country to country. In the USA, the residential burning of wood is now regarded as the largest source of PAHs (USDHHS, 1994). Stationary sources account for a high percentage of total annual PAH emissions. However, in urban or suburban areas, mobile sources are additional major contributors to PAH release to the atmosphere (Baek et al., 1991).

Get the Complete Project

This is a premium project material and the complete research project plus questionnaires and references can be gotten at an affordable rate of N3,000 for Nigerian clients and $8 for International clients.

Click here to Get this Complete Project Chapter 1-5

 

 

 

 

 

You can also check other Research Project here:

  1. Accounting Research Project
  2. Adult Education
  3. Agricultural Science
  4. Banking & Finance
  5. Biblical Theology & CRS
  6. Biblical Theology and CRS
  7. Biology Education
  8. Business Administration
  9. Computer Engineering Project
  10. Computer Science 2
  11. Criminology Research Project
  12. Early Childhood Education
  13. Economic Education
  14. Education Research Project
  15. Educational Administration and Planning Research Project
  16. English
  17. English Education
  18. Entrepreneurship
  19. Environmental Sciences Research Project
  20. Guidance and Counselling Research Project
  21. History Education
  22. Human Kinetics and Health Education
  23. Management
  24. Maritime and Transportation
  25. Marketing
  26. Marketing Research Project 2
  27. Mass Communication
  28. Mathematics Education
  29. Medical Biochemistry Project
  30. Organizational Behaviour
  31. Other Projects
  32. Political Science
  33. Psychology
  34. Public Administration
  35. Public Health Research Project
  36. More Research Project
  37. Transportation Management
  38. Nursing

Education

 

 

 

Need a Project Writer for a Different Topic

 

Full Project – Full Project – DETERMINATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN SOIL SAMPLES AROUND SELECTED ABUAD POWER GENERATORS

Related Posts